Solving the Problem of Plagiarism at SFSU

To: Administration

Helen Hegermann, the 17 year old author from Berlin, had her first book in the bestseller list and became a finalist for a major book prize in 2010. A blogger noticed that some of the material in Hegermann’s novel was taken from another novel called “Strobo” which is less known and there was even one case in which an entire page was copied from the book with just a few changes made to it. Helen Hegermann did not ask the author of the book if she could use the text nor did Hegermann site her. The blogger, along with others, believes that she had plagiarized saying, “To take an entire page from an author, as Helene Hegermann admitted to doing, with only slight changes and without asking the author, I consider illegitimate”, but Hegermann defended herself by saying she “mixes and matches from the whirring flood of information across new and old media, to create something new. There’s no such thing as originality anyway, just authenticity.” (Kulish, 2010). This was a controversial issue regarding whether or not what Ms. Hegermann did should be considered plagiarism and what the punishment should be, if any at all. There are many other controversial issues regarding plagiarism because it’s a concept that is difficult to understand and has many gray areas therefore it is hard to come to an agreement on issues regarding it. Most students at SFSU probably know the basic definition of plagiarism which is “the act of taking credit for someone else’s work” (2006) but it is most likely, these students don’t understand the concept of plagiarism in depth which is why many may end up plagiarizing without even knowing it. The administration at SFSU should deal with plagiarism in a way that helps students and professors understand what it is and it’s policy specifically at this school. 

 

There are many different ways that a student can plagiarize from buying papers to failing to cite to mixing, borrowing and patch writing. Papers can be bought off the internet, or among friends meaning that the student doesn’t do their own work so it is plagiarism. Failing to cite is using someone else’s work without giving them any credit at all and mixing and borrowing is like in Ms. Hegermann’s case using someone else’s work but changing it to make it your own. Rebecca Moore Howard from My Word who has background of composition studies defines patchwriting as “copying from a source text and then deleting some words, altering grammatical structures, or plugging in one synonym for another”. (Blum, 2009, p.26). These are just some ways that students can plagiarize and students and administration probably knew about buying papers and failing to cite sources but were not aware of what mixing, borrowing, and patchwriting are, nonetheless that they are considered plagiarism.  

In my English 114 course we had a project in which we surveyed undergraduate SFSU students and my group in particular was to analyze the relationship between demographics and plagiarism. When we conducted the surveys, one of the questions was, “Have you ever plagiarized?, and if so check all that apply” and some of the options were buying a paper, copying from the web, copying from a person, re-using your papers, copying without citing, and having others write papers for you. Through our findings we discovered that 50% of SFSU students have plagiarized in some way and the most common way was re-using their own papers for different classes and many students were shocked in finding out it was considered plagiarism. Also, another one of the most common ways of plagiarizing was failing to cite which is a complicated branch in plagiarism because there are some things that you didn’t create yourself but you don’t have to cite because they are considered common knowledge, something that everyone already knows, and many times it just depends on who you are writing to. (Acala, K et al, 2010,  p.6). According to our findings, at SFSU half of the students are plagiarizing whether they know it or not and many of the students didn’t realize  that some of the things we listed down were considered plagiarism which shows the lack of knowledge in the aspect of plagiarism and why the plagiarism courses should be mandatory. In our groups we also interviewed a few undergraduate students and one of the questions we asked was if they had ever plagiarized and in what way. A few of our interviewees had plagiarized by having their friends write papers for them or just copying off others. Plagiarism is a problem at San Francisco State University that should be dealt with. 

The administration should require an introductory course on plagiarism to be taken when the student gets into this university and in their department when they get into their major because of the differences in common knowledge. Something that is common sense in one major, may not be common sense in another major which is why it is important for the policy to be clear to all students. The course should discuss the different ways one can plagiarize and also emphasize the importance of being consistent with the consequences and policy. For example in my english 114 class when we did our report, a couple of us agreed that there are “two types of plagiarism and each should have its own punishment: intentional and unintentional plagiarism. Someone who is knowingly plagiarizing should be punished however the student who simply doesn't know how to site his or her sources, should be educated on how to do so rather than be punished”  which makes a lot of sense.(Acala, K et al, 2010,  p.6). It doesn’t make sense to punish someone and not explain to them what they did wrong because that’s the only way they will learn how not to make the same mistake over and over again. Plagiarism is something taht is pretty common at San Francisco State University which is why there should be plagiarism courses so students and professor can be well informed and on the same page. 

Sincerely,

Valeska Zuniga

Works Cited

Acala, K., Guillen, C., Zuniga, V., Stus, A., Sedlak, G., Eschavez, F. (2010) Plagiarism: SFSU vs. Notre Dame. English 114.04, Spring 2010, San Francisco State University

A Definition of plagiarism. (2006, December 8). Retrieved from http://collegeuniversity.suite101.com/article.cfm/a_definition_for_plagiarism

Blum, S.D. (2009) My Word: Plagiarism and College Culture. New York: Cornell University Press

Kulish, N. (2010, February 11). The New York Times: Author,17,Says it's 'mixing', Not Plagiarism. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/12/world/europe/12german

It was interesting to see how demographics plays a role on plagiarism. From the interviews, I noticed that stereotypes of students race can lead to them plagiarizing. Some students felt that the stereotype of their race was to be smart and they wanted to fit into that category and therefore plagiarized to get good grades and seem smart. Also, when the stereotype of the students race is that they're not very smart then they don't want to fit into that stereotype and plagiarize to prove others wrong. One student believed that demographics had nothing to do with plagiarism and that it didn't affect their views on plagiarism. Overall, it was interesting to hear about the students' views and experiences through the interviews. 

My experience at SFSU

I am the first generation in my family to attend a state university. My two older siblings attended city college for a semester or two but ended up dropping out. Overall, I feel I've had a positive experience so far at San Francisco State University. 

The application process took time but it wasn't that long and I didn't have to write any essays. I felt that I had a pretty good chance of getting in because I had a good GPA but I wasn't sure, so I felt nervous and anxious to know if I had been accepted. In My Word, Blum says that the application process is very stressful for students applying to Notre Dame because there is a lot of competition and there are more requirements like having to write essays. Also having good grades isn't enough to get into a school like Notre Dame, students need to have been involved in extracurricular activities and have volunteer hours. I didn't feel stressed during the application process to SFSU. 

Now that I've had a few classes at the university I have found myself feeling stressed when I have a lot of work to do. It's hard to balance out everything I have to do and prioritize. I have classes every day on campus, I work on weekends, and babysit twice a week on weekdays. I live off campus and am not in any clubs. I don't drink or "party hard" like the student interviewed by Blum. I don't think I would be able to handle partying three times a week and have time to complete all of my homework on time and have energy for work and other responsibilities. 

I do feel pressure to do good in school because I am the first person in my family to go to a university and it costs soooooooo much money. I don't want everything I am doing and paying to go to waste. I want to graduate and have a good career so I can get a good paying job. There are some similarities between SFSU and Notre Dame, as in students feeling stress but it comes in a different way. For students at Notre Dame, stress comes from pressure to fit in and going out and "partying hard" and then not having enough time for homework and studying. For me personally the stress comes in when I'm not sure if I'll be able to take another semester at SFSU because I don't have enough money and I might not get financial aid. Also when it's time to sign up for classes, because it's getting harder to get into the classes you want and need. Last semester two of the classes I enrolled in were cancelled a few weeks before the semester started. There were almost no classes left so I took whatever I could get that met a general education requirement. 

MY WORD

The assigned reading from My Word was pretty long and contained a lot of information. Many college students were interviewed for this book so when I was reading it I tried to compare myself to them. 

I think some parents may get obsessive over their children getting good grades and being in the top schools in the country so they can get into the best college and get high paying jobs. Education is very important to my parents and getting good grades did matter. When I was in middle school and high school, if we got bad grades then some privileges would be taken away like no watching t.v. or in my brothers case, no video games. I think education is very important and parents should show their children how important it is but it shouldn't be everything. Like even people who didn't go to college are well rounded people and are able to succeed. 

I don't drink but I'm pretty sure a large percentage of students at SF State do drink because I hear them talking about it in my classes. I thought it was really interesting how some schools don't have class on Fridays because Thursdays have become the new Fridays and students are out drinking. Even though some people can keep their grades up and have that binge drinking life, I don't think I would be able to. I mean it's hard enough now with school and work, I don't think I'd be able to handle that drinking life. 

Blum describes some reasons why students cheat and they are because it makes things easier, it helps students attain the grade they desire, class work is not their primary priority, they have many obligations and goals to meet, and they are surrounded by students who scorn the nerd mentality. Sometimes students feel pressured to get good grades and succeed in college by their family and friends and they have so many responsibilities that they feel the only way to do so is by cheating. 

I agree that if a student takes a class that they are interested in then they will be more engaged and actually take time to read the material and learn it. But if a student takes a class just for credit then they'll procrastinate and just memorize the material for the tests. I've experienced this myself like in high school I took a child development class and I really enjoyed it and took time to learn the material. I had fun doing the assignments and they didn't feel dreadful to me. Once I got to college, because some classes were cut from the original class schedule I had to just take whatever I could so I enrolled in a worlds religions class and it was completely different than how I had imagined it. It had a different approach to what I had expected. I felt the classes go by so slow and it was so boring to me. When it was time for the midterm it took me really long to come up with the minimum amount of pages required and I didn't feel like I learned anything or knew the material at all. Now I see that it's really important to get into classes that you know or think you'll like so it wont be a total waste of time and money. 

What are you reading???

I usually don't read books for fun, although there are books I read for school that are sometimes interesting and fun. One of the books that I read last semester for my government class was called "In the Matter of Color - Race and the American Legal Process: The Colonial Period" by A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr.. This is a book that I would recommend because it's very interesting and the I got a lot out of it. The book is about slavery in the colonial period and talks about all the laws that were passed in response to what was going on at the time. Many believe that slavery wasn't that bad and some of us aren't taught the truth about slavery in our early years of education. Reading this book gave me a better understanding of what slavery was all about. It has a lot of specific details on laws in every state and even has examples and things of primary sources. 

On a daily basis I read articles on the newspaper. There's always a person standing in front of school giving out the Examiner newspaper. I usually read some of it on my way home. I would recommend people to read the newspaper just to be informed and to know what's going on around us.   

Wikipedia

For the essay on Wikipedia I am taking the stance that universities should not allow students to use Wikipedia in academic writing. I have used Wikipedia in the past and just found out that a couple of years ago that anyone can edit the articles on it. After reading the article about John Seigenthaler and the incorrect information that was put up about him on Wikipedia I realized that really is not a reliable source. There are two main points that I have so far that I am thinking of writing about in my essay. The first is that college students doing academic writing should not rely on encyclopedias for their sources. The second point I will write about is how inaccurate Wikipedia is.

On one of the articles assigned to read for homework said that college students shouldn't even be looking at encyclopedias for their sources. It said something like college students should be looking at primary sources instead. So, that's what I'm going to base my first paragraph on. 

The paragraph about Wikipedia not being accurate is the one I did with the paragraph generator. This paragraph was: the university should not allow students to use Wikipedia as a source in academic writing because it is inaccurate. “I had heard for weeks from teachers, journalists, and historians about “the wonderful world of Wikipedia” where millions of people worldwide visit daily for quick reference “facts”, composed and posted by people with no special expertise or knowledge-and sometimes by people with malice.” (John Seigenthaler, 2005). Wikipedia is a site that millions of people worldwide visit and are able to add and edit anything they want from it. Any individual can edit it, they don’t necessarily need to have knowledge in that field. There are people who edit Wikipedia to add accurate information but there are also others who add incorrect information, sometimes purposely. The quote was said by John Seigenthaler, someone who experienced first hand the affect of incorrect information on Wikipedia. On Wikipedia, Seigenthaler was said to have been directly involved in Kennedy assassinations. This story was made up, it is false information. Just like this happened to John Seigenthaler, there are students that rely solely on Wikipedia on assignments they receive. They end up getting and using the wrong information and this affects their grade. In academic writing, students must use sources that are accurate. Wikipedia is an inaccurate source and inaccurate sources have negative impacts on students and their grades. 

I still have a lot of work to do but hopefully I'm on the right track. I know what my stance is and have information from the articles on iLearn to use. The paragraph generator was very helpful for me in getting started and I plan to use it for the other body paragraphs I will do.   

I agree with Ms. Hegemann when she says that "There's no such thing as originality anyway, just authenticity". Being original is really difficult. I mean there are common words that we all use when we write. There are also common expressions we sometimes use in our writing. There is a commonality from the letters to the words we use. Being completely original, in my mind is impossible. Originality and authenticity are two different things. Authenticity is something being your own. Something that a person created themselves. She isn't authentic if she's not coming up with the work herself. This writer took a whole page from another book and used it as her own without giving credit to who it belonged to. And Ms. Hegemann's excuse is that she added words to it and was mixing. By just adding a few words it goes from plagiarizing to not plagiarizing. That doesn't seem right when the majority of that page was not "mixed" and was not authentic.

Ms. Hegemann says mixing is borrowing from others and reshaping or fitting the borrowed text to create some new document. It seems to me like its plagiarism. It's not like your getting inspired from the work and create your own. When a person is borrowing they're actually using the other persons work. I think the only way borrowing would not be plagiarism is if you just use the other persons work and ideas to come up with your own work and ideas.

If a student had to write a paper and they had one whole page that was like another students paper just a few words changed, that would be considered plagiarism. There's no doubt in my mind about it because the university is very strict when it comes to plagiarism. But why has there been no action taken towards Ms. Hegemann. If the student was caught they would be expelled. What's the use of learning about plagiarism and getting in trouble for it if when we go out into the world many are doing it and not having to face any consequences.

I realize there are a lot of gray areas and plagiarism is a very difficult concept to understand but why don't the same rules about plagiarism apply everywhere. It's not consistent. I think it's not consistent because there is no true definition of what plagiarism is. Who knows if there ever will be. Now that I'm learning more about plagiarism I think I probably have plagiarized before without even knowing. I've never got in trouble for anything I've written so I never thought I had plagiarized but now with all the articles we've read in class and the class discussions I find myself doing some of the stuff that some people consider plagiarism.

In the case of Ms. Hegemann, I think it's plagiarism.

Inventing the University

Inventing the university was an interesting article with a lot of information. I was able to better understand the article when we were broken up into groups during class. My group had the question about the "basic writer" and how that term was described in the article. In the article, basic writer refers to university students placed in remedial composition courses. Basic writers are writers that haven't been exposed to academic writing therefore don't know what academic writing is. That is why they offer advise in their writing rather than academic conclusion. Like saying "you should do this" or "you shouldn't do that". Basic writers also get confused on how to take the role of authority and talk down to their reader. They use a voice of authority of like a teacher or parent. It's hard for basic writers to take the role of authority but in academic writing and the voice of authority being rooted in scholarly knowledge. Basic writers also have a difficult time in writing conclusions. It seems like the basic writer has very basic skills and has a difficult time creating academic writing.

One of the topics that interested me a little bit more was code switching. Code switching is basically changing the way you speak or the way you write in different situations. Most people, if not all, change the way they speak when they are with their parents and when they are with their friends. In that same way, our writing changes depending on the audience. If we write an essay for our history class, it would be different and we would use different terms than if we wrote and essay for our communication class. People adapt to different situations to fit in and create a "common place". Common place is like a group that has the same common knowledge. Like knowing all the laws is common knowledge to students studying the law but not to students studying psychology. We all use common places. The article says the "common places are the controlling ideas of our composition textbooks, textbooks that not only insist on a set form for expository writing but a set view of public life. It is important to know who your audience is that way you know how to write. There are also two different form of writing: writer based and reader based. Writer based is when you are just writing for yourself. Reader based is when you are writing for the reader to understand. This also affects the way you write because if you write for yourself it will be different than when you write for someone else.

When people write, they must have a strong stance and know what they are talking about. We must be well informed of the topic we are going to write about. I don't agree with his assessment of the basic writer because just because you are in a remedial composition class doesn't mean that you'll fall into the description that Bartholomae gave of the basic writer and all the characteristics of one.

Blogroll

I've never had a blog before and probably wouldn't today if it wasn't for my English class. I was able to figure out how to make a blog list and in the blog list i basically just put blogs that I thought were interesting. I chose the Avatar and Shutter Island blogs becaus I really want to watch those movies and wanted to see what other people thought about it. I chose the relationship blogs because I think it's important to have a good relationship with people you really care about.

Performance Self vs. Authentic Self

Blum does a really good job describing the performance self and the authentic self. I agree with her description of them.

The performance self is very flexible and adapts to other people. Adapting yourself to other people is sometimes helpful but it is not necessarily a good thing. One of the students interviwed for the book said she had a really good friend who would change her whole personality whenever they were around different people. The student didn’t like that because it was as if she didn’t even know her own friend. It’s like you become more than one person just so others will like you and want to hang out with you. The performance self uses other's work to create their own. The performance self is very indecisive and doesn't think you themselves. The performance self doesn't feel a strong, tight connection with their writing. "Their key concepts are efficacy, nimbleness, comfort, circumstance, ends, goals." (pg.61)

The authentic self tries to be more original and unique. The authentic self is loyal to themselves and to their beliefs. The authentic self's characteristics are unique, authorship, individual contribution, and essence. "Their key concepts are own, genuine, essence, integral, means, undivided." (pg. 61)

The authentic self would not plagiarize as opposed to the performance self who probably would in a necessary situation. One part that was interesting to me was when Blum was talking about college applications and getting in to the college the student really wanted to. She said that if the performance self wanted to get in to a certain college they would do anything, even lie in their application. Like saying a different major knowing they would change it if they got in. The authentic self wouldn't do that.

I don't identify myself completely with one or the other. I think I'm somewhere in between. But I do believe that there are people out there who perfectly fit one or the other.

With the description that Blum gave of the authentic and performance self I agree that the performance self is more prone to cheating and plagiarizing. They don't really mind not being original and feel it is normal to use other peoples work to come up with your own. Also it seems like the performance self just cares about their appearance. Like they'll do anything to have that good appearance and will do anything it takes to get and maintain a good appearance, even if that means cheating. For example in school, the better grades you have, the better the appearance. A performance self would cheat on a test in order to maintain their straight A's. The authentic self wouldn't cheat. The performance self would just get by by cheating and copying and wouldn't learn all the material necessary. In the end it's just cheating themselves but they wouldn't see that. They would just see their good appearance.

"My Word" Ch. 2

I enjoyed reading chapter 2 of "My Word". Something that made it interesting was all the students the author interviewed and seeing others students views on plagiarism. Many had strong points on their views on plagiarism but had some unsure thoughts.

Before this class I didn't really pay much attention to plagiarism. Now that we're reading about it, I realize it's difficult to understand because there are so many rules that apply to it. To me it just feels like we all plagiarize and there's no way that we can be completely original. Everything we do and everything we say in our every day lives comes from things we've been through and heard. In chapter 2 page 32 originality is defined as "a quality thought to spring from a unique essence, soul, or genius". People have been around for thousands and it seems like they were the only people who were truly original. Billions of people have been on this earth and ideas and thoughts have been passed down from generation to generation that we are bound to agree and have the same thoughts as people who were here centuries ago. When I was reading this chapter I thought of the group presentations we did and some of the examples people gave. One of the examples my group gave about originality was about a person learning their first or a new language. When someone is learning a completely new language, they have no choice but to copy what they hear. If that counts as plagiarism then we have all plagiarized. When we were born, we had no knowledge of the world and things around us. We learned from our parents, who learned from their parents and so on.

There are so many ways people can and have plagiarized. People can plagiarize through writing, talking, and even singing. The book talks about people copying from t.v. shows they've seen, songs, movies, etc. I can relate to that because I find myself actually doing it a lot of times. One of my favorite t.v. shows is "Friends". I own all ten seasons and love watching the episodes. I sometimes use some of the phrases they say in the show when I am having conversations with people that have also seen the episodes I've watched.

I also see how difficult it is to make citations. If you get something from someone that got something from someone else, which I believe is the case in most instances, then the citations would be never ending.

In the Gladwell article, I don't really understand why the author felt no need to acknowledge the psychiatrist. The author acknowledges others but not the psychiatrist. If she acknowledged some then all of them should have been acknowledged. It's true that the author created something new and different and not every detail was the same but she should have been consistent with her citations.

Plagiarism is a complicated topic.

What is an essay, anyway?

essay (n.): (1) a short literary composition on a single subject, usually presenting the personal view of the author. (2) an initial attempt

essay (v.): (1) to make an attempt at; try. (2) to subject to a test.

Essays are written assignments we usually get in our english classes. They can be written about any topic but in english classes the topic is usually assigned to you. There are also different types of essays like informative or persuasive.

Essays in middle school and high school were a lot easier than essays in college. In college essays assigned are longer and they take a lot of research. Also, there's the whole plagiarism issue that goes along with it.

I knew what essays were from english class but just the noun definition. I had no idea that essay was also a verb. I looked up the definition in an online dictionary and essay as a verb means to attempt.

The best essay experience I can remember was last semester when I had to write a midterm essay for my government class. The essay was about slavery in the colonies and I don't remember the exact question but we just had to argue if slavery was really bad or if it wasn't really that bad based on all the reading and lectures. I felt like I had learned so much and that class and actually knew the material. It was easy becuase I had all the resources I needed to complete it and it was something that interested me. I ended up earning an A on that paper.

My Word Intro and Ch.1

I really like Susan Blum's approach to plagiarism. This isn't a book that just looks at the students who have plagiarized and says it was wrong and they should be punished. Susan Blum looks for the reason why this is happening. I fount it very interesting that she's not just looking at one specific student or school but looking at our entire society. She states that nearly half of college undergraduate students cheat or has plagiarized. I didn't think plagiarism happened that much in our society.

I agree with Susan Blum that college students have so much going on in their lives. College is a fun experience but there's also a lot of responsibility and stress that comes along with it. I can definitely relate to what she was saying. This is my second semester in college and during this short time there have been times when I just feel like everything is pilling up with trying to balance school, work, and family.

There was one part in particular I didn't really understand and was a bit vague to me. Susan Blum sais that students didn't have to cite things that are common sense. Something that is common sense or common knowledge to me may not be common sense to someone else.

I think it's great that Susan Blum spent all that time doing research on this topic and am looking forward to reading more about it.